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Which of the following is a feature of nutrient intakes and supplement use in the United States?

Few people ingest the optimal amounts of all vitamins and minerals from foods.

Most people in the United States don’t get optimal amounts of all vitamins and minerals from food alone, so gaps in nutrient intake are common. National intake data show that many individuals fall short of recommended levels for several micronutrients, which is why people often turn to dietary supplements to help fill those gaps. This pattern of incomplete diets plus supplementation to reach desired nutrient levels is the defining feature of nutrient intakes and supplement use in the U.S. context.

The other statements aren’t as accurate: guidance about supplements for chronic disease prevention isn’t a blanket endorsement to use them, and there isn’t a universal NIH recommendation against their use either—the approach is more nuanced and depends on individual needs. Likewise, the idea that most supplements are considered broadly harmless by the FDA isn’t precise, since safety can vary by nutrient, dose, and interactions with medications.

The NIH recommends that people use supplements to prevent chronic diseases.

The NIH recommends that people NOT use supplements to prevent chronic diseases.

The FDA recognizes that most nutrient supplements are associated with little, if any, harm.

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